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Addressing health inequalities in infection and antimicrobial resistant infections: a UK-wide collaborative toolkit

Shared learning and case studies

Examples of practice and shared learning from across settings to support understanding and action on AMR-related health inequalities.

Introduction to shared learning and case studies

This section brings together examples of practice and shared learning from across settings to support understanding and action on AMR-related health inequalities. Case studies highlight how different teams have identified challenges, implemented interventions, and adapted approaches in response to local needs. By showcasing what has worked, what has been learned, and how barriers have been addressed, this section supports replication, innovation, and continuous improvement in tackling inequalities.

Format summarising how shared learning and case studies are presented

  • Title: Name of the shared learning or case study
  • Summary: Brief description of the shared learning or case study content and purpose
  • Type of resource: Category or classification of the shared learning or case study
  • Resource link: URL providing access to the shared learning or case study
  • Year: Year in which the shared learning or case study was published, released or updated
  • Login required: Indicates whether access to the shared learning or case study requires authentication (such as signup, subscription, or organisational login)
  • ID: Unique identifier assigned to each shared learning and case studies. Please use the attached workbook to see these descriptors
  • Reference: Information that identifies the source or origin of the shared learning or case study associated with this record. Please use the attached workbook to see these descriptors

National Campaign Resource Centre for health topics

Summary

The NHS campaign resource centre contains campaign and general resources covering a range of health topics, including antimicrobial resistance and accessing NHS services. Examples of resources include translated NHS posters for MMRV vaccination and the new 18-month appointment and the Keep Antibiotics Working campaign.

Type: Multiple Link: National Campaign Resource Centre for health topics
Year: Multiple Login required: Yes

Developing a framework for Co-production to prevent Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in the Roma Population in West Yorkshire

Summary

Co‑production project developing a community‑engaged framework to improve antimicrobial stewardship in Roma populations, addressing cultural, language and access barriers through tailored education, resources and partnership working.

Type: Poster
Link: See the full poster
Year: 2025
Login required: No

Health and Justice Antimicrobial Stewardship

Summary

Mixed‑methods project analysing antibiotic prescribing and behaviours in health and justice settings, identifying variation and barriers to stewardship, and developing targeted AMS interventions and toolkits for this high‑inequality population.

Type: Poster
Link: See the full poster
Year: 2025
Login required: No

Moving Care Upstream

Summary

Quality improvement project increasing vaccination uptake among people experiencing homelessness to prevent infections and reduce antibiotic use, combining outreach, education and routine screening to address upstream drivers of AMR.

Type: Poster
Link: See the full poster
Year: 2025
Login required: No

Antimicrobial resistance: improving understanding and addressing inequalities

Summary

UKHSA’s overview article describing evidence of health inequalities in antimicrobial resistance, highlighting higher infection burden and antibiotic exposure in deprived and marginalised populations, and outlining national efforts to improve surveillance, awareness and targeted interventions to address these disparities. See Figure 1 below.

Type: Article
Link: See the full article
Year: 2024
Login required: No

An association between socioeconomic deprivation and primary care antibiotic prescribing in Scotland

Summary

Study examining the association between socioeconomic deprivation and antibiotic prescribing in Scottish primary care, identifying higher prescribing rates in more deprived populations.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2014
Login required: No

Summary

Observational study analysing trends in antibiotic prescribing in English primary care, demonstrating a relationship between higher prescribing and greater area‑level deprivation.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2020
Login required: No

Evidence for community transmission of community-associated but not health-care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains linked to social and material deprivation: spatial analysis of cross-sectional data

Summary

Cross‑sectional spatial analysis investigating community transmission of MRSA, showing links between community‑associated strains and social and material deprivation.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2016
Login required: No

Recent migrants’ perspectives on antibiotic use and prescribing in primary care: a qualitative study

Summary

Qualitative study exploring recent migrants’ perspectives on antibiotic use and prescribing, highlighting barriers to access, understanding and communication.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2016
Login required: No

Knowledge and awareness of the general public and perception of pharmacists about antibiotic resistance

Summary

Cross‑sectional survey assessing public knowledge of antibiotic resistance and pharmacists’ perceptions, identifying awareness gaps and education needs.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2018
Login required: No

Public understanding and use of antibiotics in England: findings from a household survey in 2017

Summary

Household survey evaluating public understanding and antibiotic use, identifying misconceptions and inappropriate behaviours.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2019
Login required: No

What the public in England know about antibiotic use and resistance in 2020: a face-to-face questionnaire survey

Summary

Survey examining public knowledge and attitudes to antibiotic use, highlighting persistent knowledge gaps and behaviour patterns.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2022
Login required: No

Factors predicting amoxicillin prescribing in primary care among children: a cohort study

Summary

Cohort study identifying clinical and demographic factors associated with variation in amoxicillin prescribing in children.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2022
Login required: No

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community: homeless are also at risk

Summary

Observational study identifying increased risk of community‑associated MRSA infection among people experiencing homelessness.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2008
Login required: No

Use of a high-volume prescription database to explore health inequalities in England: assessing impacts of social deprivation and temperature on the prescription volume of medicines

Summary

Observational study using prescribing data to explore associations between deprivation, environmental factors and medication use.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2022
Login required: No

Assessing national antimicrobial resistance campaigns using a Health Equity Assessment Tool (HEAT)

Summary

Evaluation study applying the HEAT tool to assess equity and reach of national AMR campaigns across population groups.

Type: Journal article
Link: See the full journal article
Year: 2019
Login required: No