VFOOD2600 - Items benefiting from the relief: what is food?: food ingredients and additives: food additives list
In this list, which is not exhaustive,
- SR means that the item is standard-rated for VAT;
- ZR means that the item is zero-rated for VAT.
Name | Use | E-№ | VAT |
---|---|---|---|
Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, gamma-carotene | Vitamin A - also used as natural orange colourant | 160(a) | SR |
Beta-apo-8’-carotene | Colourant derived from carotene | 160(e) | SR |
Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) | An anti-oxidant for oils and fats | 307 | SR |
Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) | An anti-oxidant for oils and fats | 308 | SR |
Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) | An anti-oxidant for oils and fats | 309 | SR |
(Chocolate) brown HT | Pigment derived from coal tar used in chocolate baked goods | 155 | SR |
1,4-heptonolactone | Acid, suquestrant | 370 | SR |
Acesulphame potassium | Sweetener | 370 | SR |
Acetic acid | Acidity regulator | 260 | SR |
Acetic acid esters of mon- and di-glycerides of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 472(a) | SR |
Adipic acid | Buffer / flavouring | 355 | SR |
Agar | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent derived from algae; used in culture medium | 406 | SR |
Alginic acid | Stabiliser / binder derived from algae | 400 | SR |
Aluminium | Colourant - used in cake decorations | 173 | SR |
Aluminium calcium silicate | Anti-caking agent | 556 | SR |
Aluminium potassium sulphate | Firming agent | - | SR |
Alumimium sodium silicate | Anti-caking agent | 554 | SR |
Amaranth | Colourant - red pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for cochineal | 123 | SR |
Amidated pectin | Gelling agent - pectin derivative | 440(b) | SR |
Ammonium alginate | Stabiliser and thickening agent - salt of alginic acid | 403 | SR |
Ammonium carbonate; ammonium hydrogen carbonate | Buffer, aerating agent | 503 | SR |
Ammonium chloride | Yeast food | 510 | SR |
Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate; diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate | Buffer, yeast food | - | SR |
Ammonium ferric citrate | Dietary iron supplement | 381 | SR |
Ammonium hydroxide | Diluent and solvent for colouring, base | 527 | SR |
Ammonium phosphatides | Emulsifier and stabiliser | 442 | SR |
Ammonium polyphosphates | Emulsifier, texturiser | 545 | SR |
Ammonium sulphate | Yeast food | - | SR |
Annatto/Bixin/Norbixin | Colourant - yellow colourant derived from fruit and annatto tree | 160(b) | SR |
Anthocyanins | Colourant | 163 | SR |
Ascorbyl palmitate | Vitamin C derivative used as anti-oxidant in scotch eggs | 304 | SR |
Aspartame | Sweetener | - | ZR |
Azodicarbonamide | Flour improver | 927 | SR |
Beeswax | Glazing agent | 901 | SR |
Beetroot red (betanin) | Colourant - natural red pigment derived from beetroot | 162 | SR |
Bentonite | Anti-caking agent | 558 | SR |
Benzoic acid | Preservative - anti-bacterial and anti-fungal | 210 | SR |
Benzoyl peroxide | Flour bleaching agent | - | SR |
Biphenyl | Preservative | 230 | SR |
Black PN | Colourant - black pigment derived from coal tar | 151 | SR |
Bone phosphate | Anti-caking agent | 542 | SR |
Brilliant blue FCF | Colourant - blue pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for indigo | 133 | SR |
Brown FK | Colourant - brown pigment derived from coal tar, used in kippers | 154 | SR |
Butyl stearate | Release agent | - | SR |
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) | Anti-oxidant | 320 | SR |
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) | Anti-oxidant | 321 | SR |
Calcium acetate | Acidity regulator | 263 | SR |
Calcium alginate | Stabiliser and thickening agent - salt of alginic acid | 404 | SR |
Calcium benzoate | Preservative -salt of benzoic acid | 213 | SR |
Calcium bisulphite | Preservative | 227 | SR |
Calcium carbonate | Base and firming agent | 170 | SR |
Calcium chloride | Firming agent | 509 | SR |
Calcium disodium EDTA | Sequestrant | 385 | SR |
Calcium gluconate | Buffer, firming agent | 578 | SR |
Calcium glutamate | Flavour enhancer | 623 | SR |
Calcium heptonate | Firming agent, sequestrant | - | SR |
Calcium hydroxide | Firming agent, neutralising agent | 526 | SR |
Calcium L-ascorbate | Vitamin C derivative used as anti-oxidant | 302 | SR |
Calcium lactate | Buffer, firming agent | 327 | SR |
Calcium malate | Firming agent calcium hydrogen malate | 352 | SR |
Calcium oxide | Base | 529 | SR |
Calcium phytate | Wine sequestrant | - | SR |
Calcium polyphosphates | Emulsifying salt | 544 | SR |
Calcium propionate | Preservative - salt of propionic acid | 282 | SR |
Calcium saccharin | Sweetener | - | ZR |
Calcium silicate | Anti-caking agent, release agent | 552 | SR |
Calcium sorbate | Preservative - salt of sorbic acid | 203 | SR |
Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate | Stabiliser | 482 | SR |
Calcium sulphate | Yeast food, firming agent | 516 | SR |
Calcium sulphite | Preservative | 226 | SR |
Calcium tetrahydrogen diorthophosphate; calcium hydrogen orthophosphate; tricalcium diorthophosphate | Firming agent, anti-caking agent, raising agent | 341 | SR |
Canthaxanthin | Colourant | 161(g) | SR |
Capsanthin/capsorubin used as a substitute for cochineal | Colourant - red pigment | 160(a) | SR |
Carageenan | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent derived from seaweed | 407 | SR |
Caramel | Colourant / flavouring derived from burnt sugar | 150 | ZR |
Carbon black | Colourant - black pigment derived from vegetable carbon, used in liquorice | 153 | SR |
Carboxymethyl | Bulking agent - may be used to suppress appetite in slimming foods | 466 | SR |
Cardon dioxide | Carbonating agent | 290 | SR |
Carmoisine | Colourant - red pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for cochineal | 122 | SR |
Carnauba wax | Glazing agent | 903 | SR |
Cellulose | Bulking agent - may be used to suppress appetite in slimming foods | 460 | SR |
Chlorine | Flour improver | 925 | SR |
Chlorine dioxide | Flour improver | 926 | SR |
Chlorophyll | Colourant - derived from plant matter; also used as oral deodorant | 140 | SR |
Chlorophyllins | Colourant - green pigment derived from chlorophyll | 141 | SR |
Citric acid | Acid flavouring | 330 | SR |
Citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 472 | SR |
Cochineal | Colourant - natural red colouring derived from cochineal beetle | 120 | ZR |
Cryptoxanthin | Colourant | 161 | SR |
Curcumin | Colourant - yellow pigment derived from turmeric, used flour confectionery, margarine | 100 | SR |
Dicalcium diphosphate | Buffer, neutralising agent | 540 | SR |
Dimethylpolysiloxane | Anti-foaming agent | 900 | SR |
Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate; trisodium diphosphate; tetrasodium diphosphate tetrapotassium diphosphate | Buffer, emulsifying salt, sequestrant, stabiliser, raising agent | 450(a) | SR |
Disodium dihydrogen EDTA | Brandy sequestrant | - | SR |
DL-malic acid, L-malic acid | Acid flavouring | 296 | SR |
Dodecyl gallate | Anti-oxidant | 312 | SR |
Erythrosine | Colourant - red pigment derived from coal used as substitute for cochineal | 127 | SR |
Ethyl acetate | Solvent for colour and flavourings | - | SR |
Ethyl alcohol | Solvent for colour and flavourings | - | SR |
Ethyl ester of (-apo-8’- carotenoic acid | Colourant - derivative of (-apo-8’- carotene | 160(f) | SR |
Ethyl maltol | Flavouring, flavour enhancer | 637 | SR |
Ethyl para- hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | 214 | SR |
Ethylmethylcellulose | Bulking agent - may be used to suppress appetite in slimming foods | 465 | SR |
Flavoxanthin | Colourant - synthetic carotenoid pigment | 161(a) | SR |
Fumaric acid | Acid flavouring | 297 | SR |
Glucono delta-1actone | Acid, sequestrant | 575 | SR |
Glycerol | Humectant, solvent | 422 | SR |
Glycerol mon-acetate; glycerol di-acetate; glycerol tri-acetate | Solvent for colour and flavourings | - | SR |
Glycine | Buffer, sequestrant | - | SR |
Gold | Colourant - used in cake decorations | 175 | SR |
Green S | Colourant - green pigment derived from coal tar as substitute for chlorophyll | 142 | SR |
Guar gum | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent | 412 | SR |
Gum arabic | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent | 414 | SR |
Hexamine | Preservative | 239 | SR |
Hydrochloric acid | 507 | SR | |
Hydroxypropyl cellulose | Bulking agent - mat be used to suppress appetite in slimming foods | 463 | SR |
Hydroxypropyl - methylcellulose | Bulking agent - may be used to suppress appetite in slimming foods | 464 | SR |
Indigo carmine | Colourant - derived from indigo plant; also used as diagnostic aid in kidney ailments | 132 | SR |
Iron oxides/ hydroxides | Colourant - red pigment | 172 | SR |
Isomalt | Sweetener | - | ZR |
Kaolin | Anti-caking agent | 559 | SR |
Karaya gum | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent | 416 | SR |
L-ascorbic acid | Vitamin C - also used as anti-oxidant and flour improver | 300 | SR |
L-cysterine hydrochloride | Flour improver | 920 | SR |
L-glutamic acid | Flavour enhancer | 620 | SR |
Lactic acid | Acid flavouring, preservative | 270 | SR |
Lactic acid esters of mon- and di-glycerides of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 472(b) | SR |
Lecithins | Emulsifier / stabiliser / anti-oxidant | 322 | SR |
Locust bean gum | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent derived from locust bean flour (carob gum) | 410 | SR |
Lutein | Colourant | 161(b) | SR |
Lycopene | Colourant - yellow colourant derived from club moss | 160(d) | SR |
Magnesium carbonate | Base, anti-caking agent | 504 | SR |
Magnesium hydroxide | Base | 528 | SR |
Magnesium oxide | Anti-caking agent for cocoa products | 530 | SR |
Magnesium silicate | Anti-caking agent synthetic; magnesium trisilicate | 553(a) | SR |
Magnesium stearate | Release agent, emulsifier | 572 | SR |
Magnesium sulphate | Firming agent | 518 | SR |
Maltol | Flavouring, flavour enhancer | 636 | SR |
Mannitol | Sweetener | 421 | ZR |
Metatartaric acid | Sequestrant used in wine | 353 | SR |
Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | 218 | SR |
Methylcellulose | Bulking agent - may be used to suppress appetite in slimming foods | 461 | SR |
Microcrystalline wax | Release agent | 907 | SR |
Mineral hydrocarbons | 905 | SR | |
Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 471 | SR |
Mono- and esters of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 472(e) | SR |
Monocalcium citrate; dicalcium citrate; tricalcium citrate | Acid flavouring, buffer, emulsifyer, firming agent | 333 | SR |
Monopotassium citrate; emulsifyer tripotassium citrate | Acid flavouring, buffer | 332 | SR |
Monopotassium glutamate | Flavour enhancer | 622 | SR |
Monopotassium tartrate dipotassium citrate | Acid flavouring, buffer, (cream of tartar); emulsifyer | 336 | SR |
Monosodium citrate, disodium citrate; trisodium citrate; | Acid flavouring, buffer, emulsifier | 331 | SR |
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) | Flavour enhancer | 621 | SR |
Monosodium tartrate, disodium tartrate | Acid flavouring, buffer, emulsifier | 335 | SR |
Nicotinic acid | B-group vitamin, colour stabiliser | 375 | SR |
Nisin | Preservative | 234 | SR |
Octadecylammonium acetate | Anti-caking agent | - | SR |
Octyl gallate | Anti-oxidant | 311 | SR |
Orthophenylphenol | Preservative | 231 | SR |
Patent blue V | Colourant - blue pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for indigo | 131 | SR |
Pectin | Natural gelling agent | 440(a) | SR |
Pentasodium triphosphate; pentapotassium triphosphate | Buffer, emulsifying salt, sequestrant, stabiliser, raising agent | 450(b) | SR |
Phosphoric acid | Buffer, sequestrant, emulsifier | 338 | SR |
Pigment rubine / lithol rubine BK | Colourant | 180 | SR |
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 475 | SR |
Polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids of castor oil | Stabiliser | 476 | SR |
Polysorbate 20 | Emulsifier - sorbitan derivative | 432 | ZR |
Polysorbate 40 | Emulsifier - sorbitan derivative | 434 | ZR |
Polysorbate 60 | Emulsifier - sorbitan derivative | 435 | ZR |
Polysorbate 65 | Emulsifier - sorbitan derivative | 436 | ZR |
Polysorbate 80 | Emulsifier - sorbitan derivative | 433 | ZR |
Ponceau 4R | Colourant - red pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for cochineal | 124 | SR |
Potassium acetate | Acidity regulator | 261 | SR |
Potassium alginate | Stabiliser and thickening agent - salt of alginic acid | 402 | SR |
Potassium benzoate | Preservative - salt of benzoic acid | 212 | SR |
Potassium bromate | Flour improver | 924 | SR |
Potassium carbonate; potassium hydrogen carbonate | Base, aerating agent, diluent | 501 | SR |
Potassium chloride | Gelling agent, salt substitute | 508 | SR* |
Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate; dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; tripotassium orthophosphate | Buffer, sequestrant, emulsifier | 340 | SR |
Potassium ferrocyanide | Anti-caking agent for salt | 536 | SR |
Potassium gluconate | Sequestrant | 577 | SR |
Potassium hydroxide | Base | 525 | SR |
Potassium lactate | Buffer | 326 | SR |
Potassium malate | Buffer, humectant | 351 | SR |
Potassium metabisulphite | Preservative | 224 | SR |
Potassium nitrate | Preservative | 252 | SR |
Potassium nitrite | Preservative | 249 | SR |
Potassium propionate | Preservative - salt of propionic acid | 283 | SR |
Potassium sodium tartrate | Acid flavouring, buffer, emulsifier | 337 | SR |
Potassium sorbate | Preservative - salt of sorbic acid | 202 | SR |
Potassium sulphate | Salt substitute | 515 | SR |
Propane-1,2-diol esters | Stabiliser of fatty acids | 477 | SR |
Propionic acid | Preservative | 280 | SR |
Propyl gallate | Anti-oxidant | 310 | SR |
Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | 216 | SR |
Propylene glycol alginate | Stabiliser and thickening agent - salt of alginic acid | 405 | SR |
Quinoline yellow | Colourant - yellow pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for saffron | 104 | SR |
Red 2G | Colourant - red pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for cochineal | 128 | SR |
Rhodoxanthin | Colourant | 161(f) | SR |
Riboflavin | Vitamin B² - also used as colourant in sauces | 101 | SR |
Rubixanthin | Colourant | 161(d) | SR |
Saccharin | Sweetener | - | ZR |
Salts of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 470 | SR |
Shellac | Glazing agent | 904 | SR |
Silica | Anti-caking agent | 551 | SR |
Silver | Colourant - used in cake decorations | 174 | SR |
Sodium 5’-ribonucleotide | Flavour enhancer | 635 | SR |
Sodium acetate | Acidity regulator | 262 | SR |
Sodium alginate | Stabiliser and thickening agent - salt of alginic acid | 401 | SR |
Sodium aluminium phosphate | Acid, raising agent | 541 | SR |
Sodium benzoate | Preservative - salt of benzoic acid | 211 | SR |
Sodium bisulphite | Preservative | 222 | SR |
Sodium carbonate; bicarbonate of soda; sodium sesquicarbonate | Base, aerating agent, diluent | 500 | SR |
Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate; disodium hydrogen orthophosphate; trisodium orthophosphate | Buffer, sequestrant, emulsifier | 339 | SR |
Sodium ethyl para- hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | 215 | SR |
Sodium ferrocyanide | Anti-caking agent for salt | 535 | SR |
Sodium gluconate | Sequestrant | 576 | SR |
Sodium guanylate | Flavour enhancer | 627 | SR |
Sodium hydrogen diacetate | Acidity regulator | 262 | SR |
Sodium hydroxide | Base | 524 | SR |
Sodium inosinate | Flavour enhancer | 631 | SR |
Sodium L-ascorbate | Vitamin C derivative used as anti-oxidant | 301 | SR |
Sodium lactate | Buffer, humectant | 325 | SR |
Sodium malate; sodium hydrogen malate | Buffer, humectant | 350 | SR |
Sodium metabisulphite | Preservative | 223 | SR |
Sodium methyl para- hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | 219 | SR |
Sodium nitrate | Preservative | 251 | SR |
Sodium nitrite | Preservative | 250 | SR |
Sodium orthophenyl- phenate | Preservative | 232 | SR |
Sodium polyphosphates; potassium polyphosphates | Buffer, emulsifying salt, sequestrant, stabiliser, raising agent | 450 | SR |
Sodium propionate | Preservative - salt of propionic acid | 281 | SR |
Sodium propyl para- hydroxybenzoate | Preservative | 217 | SR |
Sodium saccharin | Sweetener | - | ZR |
Sodium sorbate | Preservative - salt of sorbic acid | 201 | SR |
Sodium stearoyl-2- lactylate | Stabiliser | 481 | SR |
Sodium sulphate | Diluent for colouring | 514 | SR |
Sodium sulphite | Preservative | 221 | SR |
Sorbic acid | Preservative - anti-bacterial and anti-fungal | 200 | SR |
Sorbitan mono-oleate | Stabiliser | 494 | SR |
Sorbitan monolaurate | Stabiliser | 493 | SR |
Sorbitan monopalmitate | Stabiliser | 495 | SR |
Sorbitan monostearate | Stabiliser | 491 | SR |
Sorbitan tristearate | Stabiliser | 492 | SR |
Sorbitol | Sweetener | 420 | SR |
Stearic acid | Anti-caking agent | 570 | SR |
Stearyl tartrate | Stabiliser | 483 | SR |
Succinic acid | Buffer / flavouring | 363 | SR |
Sucroglycerides | Stabiliser | 474 | SR |
Sucrose esters of fatty acids | Stabiliser | 473 | SR |
Sulphur dioxide | Preservative | 220 | SR |
Sulphuric acid | 513 | SR | |
Sunset yellow FCF | Colourant - yellow pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for saffron | 110 | SR |
Talc | Release agent | 553(b) | SR |
Tartaric acid | Acid flavouring, buffer, emulsifier | 334 | SR |
Tartrazine | Colourant - yellow pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for saffron | 102 | SR |
Thaumatin | Sweetener | - | ZR |
Thiabendazole | Preservative | 233 | SR |
Titanium dioxide | Colourant - white pigment, also used in cosmetics | 171 | SR |
Tocoperals (natural) | Vitamin E - also used as anti-oxidant for oils and fats | 306 | SR |
Tragacanth | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent | 413 | SR |
Triammonium citrate | Buffer, emulsifying salt | 380 | SR |
Violaxanthin | Colourant | 161(e) | SR |
Xanthan gum | Natural stabiliser and thickening agent | 415 | SR |
Xylitol | Sweetener | - | ZR |
Yellow 2G | Colourant - yellow pigment derived from coal tar used as substitute for saffron | - | SR |
* ZR if sold in retail packs for home culinary use as a salt substitute.