Highways maintenance and ITB funding formula allocations, 2022 to 2025 (3 years)
Updated 20 December 2023
Applies to England
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Funding allocations summary
The Spending Review, published in October 2021, committed over £2.7 billion of local highways maintenance funding between tax years 2022 and 2025 to local authorities outside of London and the 8 largest city regions.
This includes the remainder of the pothole funding package announced at Budget 2020 to help resurface the highway, including the fixing of potholes.
The Highways Maintenance Block (HMB) needs element, HMB incentive element and the Integrated Transport Block (ITB) allocations are calculated based on existing sector-agreed formulae.
Individual allocations have been rolled over from 2021 to 2022 to ensure funding consistency. The potholes funding package is also allocated using the same formula as the HMB formula. Figures are then rounded to the nearest £1,000.
It is important to understand that figures at this stage are subject to results from the existing highways maintenance incentive element self-assessment carried out by local highways authorities on an annual basis. This is in addition to wider incentivisation measures to be consulted on with local highways authorities in due course.
Highways maintenance and investment policy
The Department for Transport (DfT) is committed to allocating this funding to local highways authorities so they can most effectively spend this funding on maintaining and improving their respective network, based upon their local knowledge, circumstances and priorities.
DfT strongly advocates a risk-based whole lifecycle asset management approach to local authority highways maintenance programmes. This considers all parts of the highway network, such as bridges, cycleways and lighting columns – and not just the fixing of potholes.
It is up to the respective highway authority how best to spend this funding to fulfil their statutory duty under Section 41 of the Highways Act 1980.
Further information and best practice on the Well-managed Highway Infrastructure Code of Practice is available from the UK Road Liaison Group.
City region sustainable transport settlements
Seven mayoral combined authorities (MCAs), will receive City Region Sustainable Transport Settlements (CRSTS) for 5 years from the 2022 to 2023 tax year.
The CRSTS consolidate funds equivalent to HMB (element and incentive), potholes funding and ITB, so are not included in the tables.
The North East Combined Authority (NECA) will be eligible for the CRSTS once appropriate governance is in place. For 2022 to 2023, NECA has been awarded a one-year settlement which will be considered when it becomes eligible for the CRSTS.
As in 2021 to 2022, funding equivalent to its ITB is allocated to the NECA, while funding equivalent to its HMB and potholes fund is allocated to the 7 constituent local authorities. Affected local authorities are marked with an asterisk ‘*’.
Regions and authorities that do not receive these funding streams
London Boroughs and Transport for London (TfL) do not receive these funding streams for the maintenance of their local highways.
The Isles of Scilly also do not receive annual funding.
The Isle of Wight receives a private finance initiative (PFI) and so does not receive highways maintenance or pothole funding.
Birmingham and Sheffield also receive a PFI, which means the CRSTS settlements for West Midlands Combined Authority and South Yorkshire Combined Authority do not reflect funding for Birmingham and Sheffield highways maintenance.
Cornwall Unitary Authority (UA) is within the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities’ Business Rates Retention pilot (as are the Greater Manchester and West of England combined authorities). It instead retains a proportion equal to what it would normally receive, so its funding for HMB and ITB is indicative only.
Total funding amounts per year
| Potholes funding 2022 to 2025 (£) | HMB needs element 2022 to 2025 (£) | HMB incentive element 2022 to 2025 (£) | ITB 2022 to 2025 (£) | Total (£) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| England (overall) | 500,000,000 | 500,000,000 | 125,000,000 | 260,000,000 | 1,385,000,000 |
| England (outside of CRSTS) | 407,297,000 | 407,297,000 | 101,823,000 | 170,035,000 | 1,086,452,000 |
| CRSTS (equivalent levels)* | 92,703,000 | 92,703,000 | 23,177,000 | 89,965,000 | 298,548,000 |
Mayoral combined authority amounts per year
| Combined authority | Pothole funding 2022 to 2025 (£) funding per year | HMB needs element 2022 to 2025 (£) | HMB incentive element 2022 to 2025 (£) | ITB 2022 to 2025 (£) | Total (£) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cambridgeshire and Peterborough CA | 10,250,000 | 10,250,000 | 2,562,000 | 4,633,000 | 27,695,000 |
| Greater Manchester CA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Liverpool City Region CA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| North East CA* | Funding allocated to local authority* | Funding allocated to local authority* | Funding allocated to local authority* | 14,057,000* | 14,057,000* |
| Sheffield City Region CA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Tees Valley CA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| West Midlands ITA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| West of England CA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| West Yorkshire CA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
Local highway authority amounts per year
| Local authority | Pothole funding 2022 to 2025 (£) | HMB needs element 2022 to 2025 (£) | HMB incentive element 2022 to 2025 (£) | ITB 2022 to 2025 (£) | Total (£) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnsley | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Bath and North East Somerset UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Bedford UA | 1,657,000 | 1,657,000 | 414,000 | 1,162,000 | 4,890,000 |
| Birmingham | Highways maintenance PFI | Highways maintenance PFI | Highways maintenance PFI | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Blackburn with Darwen UA | 1,070,000 | 1,070,000 | 268,000 | 1,435,000 | 3,844,000 |
| Blackpool UA | 667,000 | 667,000 | 167,000 | 1,733,000 | 3,233,000 |
| Bolton | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole UA | 2,127,000 | 2,127,000 | 532,000 | 3,102,000 | 7,888,000 |
| Bracknell Forest UA | 944,000 | 944,000 | 236,000 | 726,000 | 2,850,000 |
| Bradford | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Brighton and Hove UA | 1,455,000 | 1,455,000 | 364,000 | 3,083,000 | 6,358,000 |
| Bristol, City of UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Buckinghamshire | 5,827,000 | 5,827,000 | 1,457,000 | 2,275,000 | 15,385,000 |
| Bury | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Calderdale | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Cambridgeshire | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority |
| Central Bedfordshire UA | 2,473,000 | 2,473,000 | 618,000 | 1,376,000 | 6,941,000 |
| Cheshire East UA | 5,799,000 | 5,799,000 | 1,450,000 | 2,003,000 | 15,051,000 |
| Cheshire West and Chester UA | 4,413,000 | 4,413,000 | 1,103,000 | 1,970,000 | 11,898,000 |
| Cornwall UA | 12,589,000 | 12,589,000 | 3,147,000 | 4,137,000 | 32,461,000 |
| County Durham UA* | 6,596,000 | 6,596,000 | 1,649,000 | Funding allocated to combined authority | 14,841,000 |
| Coventry | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Cumbria | 15,028,000 | 15,028,000 | 3,757,000 | 2,566,000 | 36,379,000 |
| Darlington UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Derby UA | 1,229,000 | 1,229,000 | 307,000 | 1,825,000 | 4,589,000 |
| Derbyshire | 10,533,000 | 10,533,000 | 2,633,000 | 3,672,000 | 27,372,000 |
| Devon | 23,477,000 | 23,477,000 | 5,869,000 | 3,628,000 | 56,453,000 |
| Doncaster | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Dorset | 7,285,000 | 7,285,000 | 1,821,000 | 1,986,000 | 18,378,000 |
| Dudley | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| East Riding of Yorkshire UA | 6,130,000 | 6,130,000 | 1,533,000 | 1,653,000 | 15,446,000 |
| East Sussex | 5,900,000 | 5,900,000 | 1,475,000 | 2,941,000 | 16,215,000 |
| Essex | 13,638,000 | 13,638,000 | 3,409,000 | 6,324,000 | 37,008,000 |
| Gateshead* | 1,520,000 | 1,520,000 | 380,000 | Funding allocated to combined authority | 3,420,000 |
| Gloucestershire | 9,896,000 | 9,896,000 | 2,474,000 | 2,884,000 | 25,151,000 |
| Halton UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Hampshire | 14,886,000 | 14,886,000 | 3,721,000 | 5,338,000 | 38,830,000 |
| Hartlepool UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Herefordshire, County of UA | 6,395,000 | 6,395,000 | 1,599,000 | 1,077,000 | 15,465,000 |
| Hertfordshire | 9,880,000 | 9,880,000 | 2,470,000 | 4,604,000 | 26,835,000 |
| Isle of Wight UA | Highways maintenance PFI | Highways maintenance PFI | Highways maintenance PFI | 1,429,000 | 1,429,000 |
| Isles of Scilly UA* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kent | 15,137,000 | 15,137,000 | 3,784,000 | 6,914,000 | 40,972,000 |
| Kingston upon Hull, City of UA | 1,249,000 | 1,249,000 | 312,000 | 2,247,000 | 5,058,000 |
| Kirklees | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Knowsley | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Lancashire | 12,805,000 | 12,805,000 | 3,201,000 | 6,101,000 | 34,912,000 |
| Leeds | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Leicester UA | 1,450,000 | 1,450,000 | 362,000 | 2,576,000 | 5,838,000 |
| Leicestershire | 7,891,000 | 7,891,000 | 1,973,000 | 2,750,000 | 20,505,000 |
| Lincolnshire | 17,210,000 | 17,210,000 | 4,303,000 | 3,337,000 | 42,060,000 |
| Liverpool | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Luton UA | 759,000 | 759,000 | 190,000 | 1,469,000 | 3,177,000 |
| Manchester | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Medway UA | 1,412,000 | 1,412,000 | 353,000 | 1,602,000 | 4,779,000 |
| Middlesbrough UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Milton Keynes UA | 2,843,000 | 2,843,000 | 711,000 | 1,539,000 | 7,935,000 |
| Newcastle upon Tyne* | 1,506,000 | 1,506,000 | 377,000 | Funding allocated to combined authority | 3,389,000 |
| Norfolk | 15,892,000 | 15,892,000 | 3,973,000 | 4,173,000 | 39,930,000 |
| North East Lincolnshire UA | 1,107,000 | 1,107,000 | 277,000 | 1,490,000 | 3,982,000 |
| North Lincolnshire UA | 2,553,000 | 2,553,000 | 638,000 | 1,168,000 | 6,913,000 |
| North Northamptonshire | 3,735,000 | 3,735,000 | 934,000 | 1,551,000 | 9,955,000 |
| North Somerset UA | 2,227,000 | 2,227,000 | 557,000 | 980,000 | 5,990,000 |
| North Tyneside* | 1,253,000 | 1,253,000 | 313,000 | Funding allocated to combined authority | 2,819,000 |
| North Yorkshire | 16,454,000 | 16,454,000 | 4,113,000 | 3,046,000 | 40,068,000 |
| Northumberland UA* | 9,680,000 | 9,680,000 | 2,420,000 | Funding allocated to combined authority | 21,780,000 |
| Nottingham UA | 1,229,000 | 1,229,000 | 307,000 | 3,416,000 | 6,182,000 |
| Nottinghamshire | 8,280,000 | 8,280,000 | 2,070,000 | 3,947,000 | 22,577,000 |
| Oldham | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Oxfordshire | 9,265,000 | 9,265,000 | 2,316,000 | 3,717,000 | 24,562,000 |
| Peterborough UA | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority | Funding allocated to combined authority |
| Plymouth UA | 1,290,000 | 1,290,000 | 323,000 | 1,959,000 | 4,862,000 |
| Portsmouth UA | 794,000 | 794,000 | 198,000 | 1,865,000 | 3,651,000 |
| Reading UA | 817,000 | 817,000 | 204,000 | 1,592,000 | 3,431,000 |
| Redcar and Cleveland UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Rochdale | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Rotherham | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Rutland UA | 1,058,000 | 1,058,000 | 265,000 | 462,000 | 2,843,000 |
| Salford | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Sandwell | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Sefton | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Sheffield | Highways maintenance PFI | Highways maintenance PFI | Highways maintenance PFI | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Shropshire UA | 9,155,000 | 9,155,000 | 2,289,000 | 1,638,000 | 22,237,000 |
| Slough UA | 502,000 | 502,000 | 125,000 | 1,360,000 | 2,488,000 |
| Solihull | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Somerset | 12,494,000 | 12,494,000 | 3,123,000 | 2,227,000 | 30,337,000 |
| South Gloucestershire UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| South Tyneside* | 859,000 | 859,000 | 215,000 | Funding allocated to combined authority | 1,933,000 |
| Southampton UA | 946,000 | 946,000 | 236,000 | 2,140,000 | 4,268,000 |
| Southend-on-Sea UA | 773,000 | 773,000 | 193,000 | 1,412,000 | 3,151,000 |
| St. Helens | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Staffordshire | 11,141,000 | 11,141,000 | 2,785,000 | 3,449,000 | 28,516,000 |
| Stockport | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Stockton-on-Tees UA | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Stoke-on-Trent UA | 1,321,000 | 1,321,000 | 330,000 | 1,679,000 | 4,651,000 |
| Suffolk | 12,106,000 | 12,106,000 | 3,026,000 | 3,271,000 | 30,509,000 |
| Sunderland* | 1,835,000 | 1,835,000 | 459,000 | Funding allocated to combined authority | 4,128,000 |
| Surrey | 9,275,000 | 9,275,000 | 2,319,000 | 4,821,000 | 25,691,000 |
| Swindon UA | 1,554,000 | 1,554,000 | 388,000 | 1,389,000 | 4,885,000 |
| Tameside | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Telford and Wrekin UA | 1,916,000 | 1,916,000 | 479,000 | 946,000 | 5,257,000 |
| Thurrock UA | 1,106,000 | 1,106,000 | 277,000 | 979,000 | 3,468,000 |
| Torbay UA | 809,000 | 809,000 | 202,000 | 1,071,000 | 2,892,000 |
| Trafford | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Wakefield | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Walsall | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Warrington UA | 1,773,000 | 1,773,000 | 443,000 | 1,505,000 | 5,495,000 |
| Warwickshire | 7,187,000 | 7,187,000 | 1,797,000 | 2,657,000 | 18,828,000 |
| West Berkshire UA | 2,394,000 | 2,394,000 | 599,000 | 917,000 | 6,304,000 |
| West Northamptonshire | 4,742,000 | 4,742,000 | 1,185,000 | 1,550,000 | 12,219,000 |
| West Sussex | 7,616,000 | 7,616,000 | 1,904,000 | 3,763,000 | 20,898,000 |
| Wigan | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Wiltshire UA | 9,212,000 | 9,212,000 | 2,303,000 | 2,198,000 | 22,924,000 |
| Windsor and Maidenhead UA | 1,209,000 | 1,209,000 | 302,000 | 858,000 | 3,577,000 |
| Wirral | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Wokingham UA | 1,473,000 | 1,473,000 | 368,000 | 740,000 | 4,055,000 |
| Wolverhampton | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS | CRSTS |
| Worcestershire | 8,328,000 | 8,328,000 | 2,082,000 | 2,423,000 | 21,161,000 |
| York UA | 1,260,000 | 1,260,000 | 315,000 | 1,582,000 | 4,417,000 |
Calculation of the highways maintenance block and pothole funding
This information outlines how DfT calculated highways maintenance block funding ‘needs’ allocations for tax years 2022 to 2025. It is important to understand that these figures are subject to the ongoing transport incentivisation initiative and forthcoming consultation with local authorities.
The allocations for each element
As a result of the consultation on highways maintenance funding, DfT has allocated a proportion of the total funding to 3 elements in the following proportions, derived from the whole of government accounts, of 82.42% funding towards roads.
The funding is split evenly between:
- A roads: 27.47%
- B and C roads: 27.47%
- U roads: 27.47%
Funding for other areas include:
- bridges: 15.38%
- lighting columns: 2.20%
- cycleways and footways: 0%
How each element has been calculated
The allocations for an authority for the roads, bridges and lighting elements are all calculated in broadly the same way. This is the ‘local authority total for each element divided by England total for each element multiplied by total allocation in pounds (£) for each element’.
The allocations for each of the elements are then added together to get the total allocation for each authority and rounded to the nearest £1,000.
Data sources: roads
The road lengths are sourced from DfT’s road lengths dataset for 2012 in kilometres and calculated as follows:
- A road totals have been calculated as ‘the principal motorway multiplied by 3 plus principal rural ‘A’ plus principal urban ‘A’ plus dual principal rural ‘A’ plus dual principal urban ‘A’’
- B and C road totals are calculated as ‘rural B plus urban B plus rural C plus urban C’
- U road totals were calculated as ‘rural U plus urban U’
Data sources: bridges
These figures were sourced from local authorities in a data collection exercise and relate to the number of publicly maintainable highways bridges that highway authorities owned as of 1 April 2014. This figure should include all structures over 1.5 metres in span, whether carrying carriageway or footway, but not including public rights of way, or structures belonging to other owners, such as Network Rail.
Data sources: lights
These figures were sourced from local authorities in a data collection exercise and relate to the total number of street lighting columns owned by authorities as of 1 April 2014.
Private finance initiatives (PFIs)
To calculate England’s totals for:
- all 3 elements, 3 authorities with PFIs that receive all their funding through PFI credits have been excluded – these are Birmingham, Sheffield and the Isle of Wight
- the lighting element, in addition to the 3 authorities mentioned, all local authorities with a street lighting PFI have also been excluded
London Boroughs and the Isles of Scilly were not eligible for funding and have been excluded.