National statistics

Transport Statistics Great Britain: 2021

Published 16 December 2021

Given the increased interest in more timely indicators of transport activity, we are assessing how relevant the current format of our Transport Statistics Great Britain (TSGB) statistics release is. We are keen to hear your views on how TSGB currently looks, and how it could look moving forwards, which you can email us.

We are also publishing TSGB in HTML format and, for the 2021 release, including a summary of daily domestic transport usage. We would like to hear your feedback on this new format, which you can email us.

About this release

This release presents an annual summary of statistics for passenger transport, freight transport and the environment, mostly relating to the calendar year 2020. This condensed set of highlights is complemented by other Department for Transport (DfT) releases presenting more detailed and recent statistics.

This release includes an overview of daily domestic transport usage from 1 March 2020 to the end of the year.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and transport statistics

Most of the statistics in this release cover the period when national and regional measures were introduced to prevent and reduce the global spread of coronavirus (COVID-19). Transport trends have been affected by these measures, which can be seen in the official annual statistics, and daily transport usage indicators in this report. Figures for the environment section of this publication are for 2019, reflecting the usual lag in this data, and are therefore not impacted by the pandemic.

The daily 2020 indicators have been included to provide further context to the impact of COVID-19 and associated restrictions on transport trends. Statistics on transport use during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in 2021, can be found on GOV.UK.

Overview of Transport Statistics

Infographic 1: Overview of Transport Statistics by topic

Below is a summary of the main points from the latest transport trends in Great Britain (Infographic 1).

For domestic trips in 2020:

• 580 billion passenger kilometres were travelled in Great Britain, down 33% from 2019, after long-term growth since 1960

• people made 739 trips on average across private and public transport in England, down 22% from 2019

• the average time taken to travel to work was 28 minutes across all modes, 3 minutes faster than 2019’s average

For air, sea and international rail journeys in 2020:

• 73.7 million international and domestic passengers travelled by air, down 75% from 2019

• 8.3 million rail passengers travelled internationally, down 62% from 2019

• 6.9 million sea passengers travelled internationally, down 63% from 2019

• 86% of air passengers and 25% of sea passengers travelled internationally, down from 87% and 31% respectively in 2019

For freight in 2020:

• 176 billion tonne-kilometres of domestic freight were moved within the UK, down 10% from 2019

• 77% of domestic freight was moved by road

• 95% of freight arriving in the UK came by sea

For the environment, in 2019 (where figures were not affected by the pandemic):

• transport remains the largest emitting sector of greenhouse gases

• 122 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent was produced by the domestic transport sector, down 2% from 2018

• road transport accounted for 23% of the UK’s domestic nitrogen oxide emissions

Domestic Passenger Transport

How much we travel

Data Source: TSGB0101, TSGB0102

580 billion passenger kilometres were travelled in Great Britain in 2020, down 33% on 2019.

Of this total, 92% of passenger kilometres travelled in Great Britain was made by cars, vans and taxis.

Chart 1: Passenger kilometres by mode, Great Britain, 1960 to 2020

Passenger kilometres travelled by cars, vans and taxis steadily increased from 139 billion passenger kilometres in 1960, to 738 billion passenger kilometres in 2019, an all-time high in the series. 2020 saw the largest decline in distance travelled for this mode in this series, down 27% on 2019’s level to 536 billion passenger kilometres (Chart 1).

Distance travelled by rail increased steadily from 1983 onwards, after a period of relative stability since 1960. This steady increase reached its all-time peak in 2018, with 2019’s level being similar to that of 2018, before declining by 80% to 16 billion passenger kilometres in 2020 (Chart 1).

Distance travelled on buses and coaches continued its long-term decline since 1960, where 2019’s distance (33 billion passenger kilometres) was less than half of what it was in 1960 (79 billion passenger kilometres). 2020’s distance was down 58% on 2019’s distance, falling to 14 billion passenger kilometres (Chart 1).

Distance travelled on other modes remained relatively stable between 1960 and 2019, where 2019’s distance (20 billion passenger kilometres) was 4 billion passenger kilometres less than the level in 1960 (Chart 1). In 2020, it fell further by 29% to 14 billion passenger kilometres.

Considerations

Further information on the average distance travelled per person in England can be found in table TSGB0104. Such as, in 2020, walking and bicycle were the only modes of transport to see an increase in the average distance travelled in England.

Other includes pedal cycles, motorcycles and scheduled and non-scheduled domestic flights by UK airlines.

Passenger traffic by water is excluded in this section.

How many trips we make in a year

Data Source: TSGB0103

Considerations

This section provides a summary of the average number of trips an individual in England makes in the year, across domestic modes of transport.

On average, people in England made 739 trips across private and public transport modes in 2020.

Chart 2: Average number of trips made per person, England, 2020

In 2020 (Chart 2):

• the average number of trips fell 22% compared to 2019

• private transport accounted for the vast majority of trips (94%)

Considerations

Other public transport includes trips by air, ferries, and light rail.

Other private transport includes trips by private hire bus, such as school buses, and motorcycles.

The data source of statistics in this section is DfT’s National Travel Survey, which relate to England only.

How much we travel on public transport

Data Source: TSGB0102

Considerations

This section provides a summary of all trips recorded on public transport modes, up to the financial year ending 2021.

Non-ticketed modes of public transport, such as taxis and minicabs, are excluded from this section.

69% of public transport journeys in Great Britain were made on local buses in the financial year ending 2021.

In the financial year ending 2021 in Great Britain, there were:

• 2.5 billion passenger journeys made on public transport vehicles, down 68% on the financial year ending 2020

• 1.7 billion local bus passenger journeys, down 68% on the financial year ending 2020, and down 86% from 1960

• 0.7 billion journeys made by rail, down 78% on the financial year ending 2020, and down 60% from 1960

  • of which 0.4 billion of journeys were made on the National Rail, down 78% on the financial year ending 2020

• 0.1 billion passenger journeys made on light rail and tram systems, down 69% on the financial year ending 2020

Chart 3: Passenger journeys by mode: Great Britain from the financial year ending 1986 to the financial year ending 2021

In Great Britain, since the financial year ending 1986 (Chart 3):

• journeys taken on buses outside London continued their long-term decline

  • the decline was relatively steady in years prior to the financial year ending 2021, where there was a 64% fall in journeys

• passenger journeys on London buses, National Rail and London and Glasgow underground trains remained stable until the financial year ending 1994, before gradually increasing until the financial year ending 2020

  • the number of journeys across all modes sharply fell in the financial year ending 2021

• journeys on light railway systems and trams saw a gradual long-term increase, before declining sharply in the financial year ending 2021

Why we travel

Data Source: TSGB0104

Just under a quarter (23%) of all trips in England were for leisure purposes.

Other purposes of travelling in 2020 were:

• shopping, accounting for 19% of all trips

• commuting and education, each accounting for 12%

• personal business and other escort, each accounting for 8%

• business, accounting for 2%

• other purposes, including just walking, accounting for 15% of all trips

Most modes of travel are used for a mixture of purposes, however, in 2020:

• almost a half (46%) of all trips by rail are for either commuting or business purposes

Commuting and business trips saw the greatest change in the proportion of across modes. Compared to 2019:

• trips done by car and van saw the greatest increase in its proportion in 2020

  • commuting increased 9 percentage points (pp) to 70%

  • business trips fell 12pp to 84%

• trips on rail saw the greatest fall in its proportion in 2020

  • commuting fell 5pp to 7%

  • business trips fell 6pp to 4%

Considerations

Leisure trips include trips to visit friends, sport, holidays, and day trips.

Due to changes in the methodology of data collection, changes in travel behaviour and a reduction of data collected during 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, care should be taken when interpreting this data and comparing to other years.

The data source of statistics in this section is DfT’s National Travel Survey, which relate to England only.

Chart 4: Average trips by purpose and main mode, as a proportion of all modes: England, 2020

Table 1: Average trips by purpose and main mode, as a proportion of all modes: England, 2020 (Chart 4)

Mode	Walk	Bicycle	Cars and vans	Other private transport	Bus	Rail	Taxis and minicabs	Other public transport
Commuting	10%	4%	70%	1%	6%	7%	1%	1%
Business	7%	1%	84%	1%	1%	4%	1%	1%
Education/escort education	43%	1%	47%	2%	5%	1%	0%	0%
Shopping	24%	2%	67%	1%	4%	1%	0%	0%
Other escort	12%	0%	86%	0%	1%	0%	0%	0%
Personal business	22%	2%	69%	0%	4%	1%	1%	0%
Leisure	12%	6%	74%	1%	3%	3%	2%	0%
Other including just walk	99%	0%	1%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
All purposes	32%	3%	58%	1%	3%	2%	1%	0%

How we commute

Data Source: TSGB0108 to TSGB0112

The average usual commuting time in Great Britain was 28 minutes in 2020.

This ranged from:

• 16 minutes for walking

• 58 minutes for travelling by rail

Considerations

The data source of statistics in this section is the labour force survey, published by the Office of National Statistics (ONS). Respondents were asked about their usual working arrangements. This may differ from actual working arrangements whilst COVID-19 restrictions were in place. For reported activity in England, including the year 2020, please see DfT’s National Travel Survey.

Across Great Britain, those who usually travel to work by car in 2020 accounted for 68% of commuting journeys by all modes. This varied by region, with only 27% of those living in London reporting using a car for their commute.

The usual method of travel’s proportion across modes in 2020 remained relatively stable compared to 2019.

Chart 5: Usual method of travel to work, Great Britain, 2020

Chart 6: Percentage of workers usually travelling to work by car by region of workplace, Great Britain, 2020

Table 2: Percentage of workers usually travelling to work by car by region of workplace, by Great British Country and English Region, 2020 (Chart 6)

GB Country	Proportion
England	67%
Scotland	68%
Wales	83%

English Region	Proportion
North East	75%
North West	75%
Yorkshire and the Humber	76%
East Midlands	79%
West Midlands	81%
East of England	77%
London	27%
South East	76%
South West	76%

International Passenger Transport

Where we travel by air, sea and international rail

Data Source: TSGB0201, TSGB0202, TSGB0205, TSGB0507, TSGB0509, TSGSB0510

The vast majority (86%) of air passenger movements were on international routes in 2020, whilst most passengers travelling by sea were on domestic routes (75%).

Considerations

Definitional differences exist between air and sea passengers. In this chapter of the release, air passengers travelling to oil rigs and sea passengers on pleasure cruises were excluded from annual figures as destination breakdowns by Europe and Rest of the World were not available.

The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) receives passenger data directly from airports. They count a terminal passenger as a passenger joining or leaving an airport at the reported airport. A passenger travelling domestically between two reported airports is therefore counted twice (once as a departure and once as an arrival).

Rail in this section refers to traffic handled on the Channel Tunnel, which includes Eurotunnel and Eurostar passengers.

For air, sea and international rail passenger movements in 2020, there were:

• 73.7 million by air, of which 86% were international passenger movements

• 27.5 million by sea, 25% of whom travelled internationally by sea

• 6.9 million on short sea (ferry) routes, down 63% on 2019, of which

  • 72% travelled between France and the UK

  • 28% travelled on other international ferry routes between Europe and the UK

• 8.3 million who used the Channel Tunnel to and from Europe, down 62% on 2019

Of the 62.7 million international passenger movements at UK airports, excluding air travel to oil rigs, in 2020:

• 71% travelled to and from Europe

• 7% travelled to and from North America

• 22% travelled to and from the rest of the world

Chart 7: International passenger volumes by air, sea, and rail, from 2010 to 2020

From 2010 to 2019, the number of air passengers to and from the rest of the world steadily rose to 70.8 million in 2019, from 54.9 million in 2010. However, the number fell sharply (by 74%) in 2020.

The number of sea passengers to and from the rest of the world has fluctuated between 40,000 and 90,000 since 2010. In 2019, there were 75,000 passengers travelling to and from the rest of the world, 15% greater than in 2010. In 2020, the number of passengers fell sharply, by 85%, to 11,000 (Chart 7).

In line with previous years, passengers to and from Europe were much higher for air travel than sea or rail. Passenger numbers travelling by sea and international rail have been similar since 2010 which were similar in terms of absolute volumes. From 2010 to 2019, the number of passengers on air and rail gradually rose, whilst passengers travelling by sea started to decline in 2014, from 21.3 million in 2014 to 18.4 million in 2019. In 2020, the number of passengers across all modes sharply decreased, where air passengers declined by 76%, sea passengers by 63% and rail passengers by 62% (Chart 7).

Considerations

Short sea traffic consists of any maritime traffic that travels along a coast without having to cross an ocean. This consists of European Union (EU) and ‘Other Europe and Mediterranean’ (Extra-EU) countries. See DfT’s port freight notes and definitions for further information on which countries are included in these regions.

Overseas monthly air and short sea travel in 2020, compared to 2019

Data Source: TSGB0205, TSGB0507, TSGSB0508

April 2020, the month following the announcement of the first national lockdown, saw the largest year-on-year difference in air and short sea passenger traffic compared to April 2019.

Compared to April 2019, international passenger volumes in April 2020 were down (Chart 8):

• 99% for air

• 95% for short sea

In 2020, there were:

• 63.7 million passengers travelling internationally by air at UK airports, down 75% on 2019

• 6.9 million passengers travelling internationally by sea at UK seaports on short sea (ferry) routes, down 63% on 2019

Sea passenger figures include tourist, leisure, business travel, and freight drivers accompanying cargo. Freight drivers were exempt from many travel restrictions the government put in place to ensure continual flow of freight.

Chart 8: Monthly international air and short sea passenger movements in 2019 and 2020

Air and sea passenger numbers for 2020 and 2019 were similar for January and February, at around 15 million and 1 million respectively, but both declined after that with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020 numbers fell sharply in March for both modes and continued the same trajectory for April. April 2020 was the lowest month for both modes, where air passenger volumes were around 300,000, compared to over 21 million in April 2019, and sea passenger volumes were around 250,000, compared to 1.7 million in April 2019. Both modes saw a slight increase until August, mirroring 2019’s monthly trend.

Air passenger volumes in August 2020 were almost 80% lower than August 2019, and this percentage difference increased slightly for the remainder of the year. August was the month with the largest absolute discrepancy between the 2 years for international sea passenger volumes (1.9 million). Although this discrepancy generally fell as the year progressed, 2020 monthly volumes for sea passengers were still less than half the volumes seen in 2019.

After August, passenger volumes for both modes for both years declined as the year progressed, with a slight increase in December, in line with usual seasonal trends. Air passenger volumes in December 2020 were still 88% lower than December 2019, and 59% lower for sea passengers for the same period (Chart 8).

Considerations

Further statistics relating to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on sea passenger routes, as well as a timeline of events relating to international travel, are published in the sea passenger statistics, all routes 2020 release.

Freight Transport

Domestic freight

Data Source: TSGB0401 to TSGB0403

176 billion tonne-kilometres of domestic freight were moved in the UK in 2020.

Of which:

• 77% was moved by road

• 14% was moved by water

• 9% was moved by rail

Compared to 2019, in 2020:

• goods moved in the UK by GB-registered heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) decreased by 11%

• goods moved by rail decreased by 9%

• waterborne freight continued its long-term decline since 2000, down by 2%

Chart 9: Goods moved by domestic freight mode, from 2000 to 2020 (billion tonne-kilometres)

Road freight made up the largest proportion of domestic freight being moved in the UK, accounting for 77% of all domestic freight moved in 2020. Road freight remained relatively stable between 2000 and 2006. After which, goods moved by road declined to its lowest level in 2009, and only saw a consistent recovery from 2015 onwards. This recovery was stunted by 2020’s 11% decrease in traffic, likely to have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (Chart 9).

Goods moved by water continued its long-term decline since 2000 (Chart 9), with the rate of decline slowing down in recent years; there was a 2% decrease in the volume of goods moved by water in 2020 from 2019.

Rail freight accounted for the lowest amount of domestic freight, with 9% of all domestic freight moved by rail in 2020. Rail freight has been relatively stable since 2000 and this trend has been particularly consistent from 2015 until 2019 (Chart 9). In 2020, goods moved by rail decreased by 9%.

Considerations

Tonne-kilometres is the tonnage of goods lifted multiplied by the distance travelled.

Road freight trade across the Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland border is excluded from these totals.

Imports and Exports

373.2 million tonnes of freight were traded with the UK in 2020.

Of which, an estimated:

• 240.9 million tonnes of freight arrived in the UK

• 132.3 million tonnes left the UK

Chart 10: UK trade by direction and international modes of transport in 2020 (million tonnes)

In 2020:

• imports accounted for 65% of freight trade moved by sea

• the proportion of rail and air freight import and export volumes were almost equal, with

  • rail at 52% and 48% respectively

  • air at 55% and 45% respectively

Considerations

This section excludes domestic traffic from totals.

Sea and air figures reflect 2020 data, however we have not been able to obtain recent rail figures and therefore this figure is representative of year 2017. Data for Eurotunnel for 2017 is the latest available data, therefore totals for 2020 should be treated as estimates.

Energy and Environment

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector

Data Source: TSGB0306

Transport remained the largest emitting sector of greenhouse gases in 2019.

In 2019:

• the UK produced 455 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (mtCO2e) of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

• total UK domestic emissions were down 3% from 2018, and 44% from 1990

• domestic transport was responsible for 122 mtCO2e, down 2% from 2018, despite a 2% increase from 2018 in vehicle miles

• domestic transport produced 27% of the UK’s total emissions

• domestic transport emissions decreased by 5% since 1990

Chart 11: Greenhouse gas emissions by sector, 2019

Since 1990, emissions from (Chart 11):

• the energy sector continued its long-term decline, down from 278 mtCO2e to 95.8 mtCO2e in 2019

  • the fall in emissions in this sector is due to the UK switching away from coal power and towards gas

• domestic transport remained relatively stable, with levels in 2019 being down 5% from 1990

• domestic transport exceeded those from the energy sector in 2016, to become the largest emitting sector in the UK

• the business and residential sectors have slowly declined since 2000, after a period of stability

• the waste and other sectors declined sharply, before stabilising from 2013 onwards

  • levels in 2019 were 19 mtCO2e for waste and 18 mtCO2e for other, down 71% and 75% respectively compared to 1990

• agriculture declined steadily until 2008, from which it has remained stable

Considerations

The sector agriculture includes emissions from land use, land use change and forestry.

The other sector in this section includes emissions from the public and industrial processes sectors.

Greenhouse gas emissions by transport mode

Data Source: TSGB0306

91% of domestic transport’s total emissions came from road transport vehicles in 2019.

Of which:

• 67.7 mtCO2e (61%) were from cars and taxis

• 19.5 mtCO2e (18%) were from HGVs

• other domestic transport emissions accounted for 6.7 mtCO2e, comprising of:

  • rail (1.7 mtCO2e)

  • domestic aviation (1.4 mtCO2e)

  • motorcycles and mopeds (0.5 mtCO2e)

  • emissions from vehicles using propane, biofuels and other sources (0.7 mtCO2e)

  • other transport, such as military aircraft, and shipping and aircraft support vehicles (2.3 mtCO2e)

Chart 12: Greenhouse gas emissions by transport mode, 1990 and 2019

Table 3: Greenhouse gas emissions by transport mode, 1990 and 2019, in mtCO2e (Chart 12)

Mode	1990	2019	% change
Cars and taxis	72.3	67.7	-6%
HGVs	20.5	19.5	-5%
Vans	11.6	19.2	65%
Buses	5.3	3.1	-42%
Domestic shipping	8.5	6.1	-29%
Other emissions	10.0	6.7	-33%
International aviation	15.5	37.0	138%
International shipping	8.1	7.5	-8%

Considerations

Other emissions comprise of rail, domestic aviation, motorcycles and mopeds, and other transport modes.

GHG data is published by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), with final figures for 2020 expected to be published in Summer 2022.

Air pollution

Data Source: TSGB0308

Air pollutants of interest in this section, emitted by domestic transport, are:

• carbon monoxide (CO)

• nitrogen oxides (NOx)

• particulate matter

  • matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometres (PM10)

  • matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5)

• benzene

• butadiene

• lead

• sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Chart 13: Air pollutants, from 1990 to 2019

Comparing 2019’s domestic transport emission levels with 1990’s (Chart 13):

• all pollutants have declined at varying rates:

  • pollutants CO, benzene, butadiene, lead, and SO2 have decreased by at least 90%

  • NOx levels were down 34%

  • PM2.5 levels were down 13%

  • PM10 levels were down 11%

Considerations

Air quality data is published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), with figures for 2020 expected to be published in February 2022.

Daily Domestic Transport Usage in 2020

Data source: Domestic transport use by mode: Great Britain, since 1 March 2020

This chapter provides an overview of daily domestic transport usage from 1 March 2020 to the end of the year to illustrate how COVID-19 and the associated restrictions impacted transport modes over the year. Modes covered are road traffic, bus and rail journeys. These statistics are Official Statistics, but based on different, and novel, sources and methods to the more authoritative annual statistics (see the background information in this report for further details).

Following the passing of the Coronavirus Act 2020 on the 25 March 2020, usage of transport across all modes fell to unprecedented low points in the March 2020 lockdown, where:

• weekday usage across public transport modes fell to less than 20% of pre-COVID-19 baseline in all cases

• road traffic usage dropped to just 35% of baseline at its lowest weekday point

Patterns of usage across all modes have been heavily influenced by COVID-19 and related policies. To help compare between modes, all figures are presented as percentages of a baseline figure; a pre-COVID-19 date which represents normal usage of that particular mode (details provided in the methodology note).

Since March 2020 (Chart 14):

• by 16 March, all modes saw a decline in usage

  • this was largely impacted by the recommendation to stay at home where possible

  • however some public transport modes had already started to see a decline, likely linked to domestic users and international visitors exercising caution as the pandemic developed

• usage of public transport modes remained low for the duration of the first lockdown period

• road traffic showed an increase in this time; from 36% on 30 March 2020 to 49% by 11 May 2020 (step 1 of the recovery plan was introduced on 10 May)

Following the end of the first lockdown, usage rose generally across all modes as restrictions were relaxed. This was step 3 of the recovery plan, which was introduced on 4 July. The rate of recovery varied by transport mode, and by 6 July:

• motor vehicle usage had returned to 83% of pre-COVID-19 usage

  • HGV usage in particular returned close to pre-Covid-19 levels

• bus usage in London (37%) and nationally (29%) showed a slower recovery

• TfL tube and National Rail usage remained low (both at 19%), with many rail commuters who could work from home chose to continue to do so

The national restrictions introduced in November showed a corresponding fall in transport usage, although no mode returned to the usage levels seen in the first lockdown period. During this period:

• weekday usage across public transport modes varied according to mode

  • bus usage fell to slightly less than 50% of the baseline

  • TfL tube and National Rail usage fell to slightly less than 25% of the baseline

• weekday road traffic usage fell to around 75% of the baseline

Chart 14: Combined timeline of transport usage by mode, March to December 2020

Considerations

In Chart 14, the national lockdown periods between March and May and November and December are indicated using grey shading.

Please note that there is a data gap in TfL bus from 19 April to 28 June due to a change in boarding policy.

National holidays throughout the year would have also likely impacted transport activity, which can be seen especially around the end of the December period.

Although not shown on the chart, cycle usage has been collected daily. The number of miles cycled on the road rose to 5 billion in 2020, overall a 46% increase on 2019. Cycling was the only form of transport to grow during the pandemic, with cycling levels at times 100 or even 200% greater than before.

More recent data on transport use during the pandemic can be found in the domestic transport use by mode table.

Background Information

We would welcome any feedback on these statistics by email. We will attempt to address any comments in a subsequent release.

Each topic covered in the annual statistics covered in this release are available in the relevant notes and definitions document. For the daily transport use statistics, further information can be found in the COVID-19 domestic transport data: methodology note.

The majority of the annual statistics in this release are National Statistics. This means they are produced to high professional standards set out in the Code of Practice for Statistics. They undergo regular quality assurance reviews to ensure they meet customer needs.

These annual statistics were designated as National Statistics in July 2010.

The daily domestic transport usage statistics are Official Statistics after being reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation. Although the statistics do not meet the criteria to be National Statistics, as set out in the Code of Practice for Statistics, they have been assessed to be consistent with the Code’s pillars of trustworthiness, quality and value, and continue to undergo regular quality assurance reviews to ensure this remains the case.

Details of ministers and officials who receive pre-release access to these statistics up to 24 hours before release are available.

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