Guidance

Guns, knives, swords and other offensive weapons: UK border control

This guidance summarises the requirements, controls and sanctions that Border Force applies to firearms and offensive weapons when they are imported into the UK.

From:
HM Revenue & Customs, Border Force, Department for International Trade, and Department for Business and Trade
Published
1 August 2012
Last updated
5 July 2022 — See all updates

Introduction

Border Force works alongside other government departments and agencies to prevent the import of illegal firearms (including their component parts), ammunition and offensive weapons into the UK.

What counts as a firearm

Firearms are lethal barrelled weapons and other weapons including:

  • rifles
  • shotguns
  • handguns
  • automatic and semi-automatic firearms
  • CS gas canisters, pepper sprays and other self defence sprays
  • high voltage electric stun guns
  • high-powered air rifles and pistols
  • items that have the appearance of being a firearm and can be readily converted into a live firearm

Importing firearms and ammunition into the UK

You must meet certain legal requirements in order to lawfully import firearms and ammunition into the UK.

For ammunition and live firearms, you must hold:

  • the relevant import licence or certificate from the Department for Business and Trade (DBT)

  • Home Office permission for handguns, pistols, revolvers and automatic or semi-automatic firearms

  • permission from your UK regional police authority for other firearms

For deactivated firearms you must hold the relevant import licence from DBT and the firearm must be physically accompanied by an EU deactivation certificate.

Realistic imitation firearms, which are imitation firearms that appear so realistic that you cannot easily tell that they are not real, can only be imported into the UK in certain circumstances. See further information for more details.

Importing knives, swords and other offensive weapons into the UK

Offensive weapons which are designed to kill or inflict serious injury and do not have a legitimate use are banned or restricted from being imported into the UK.

It is an offence to import certain specified weapons including knives, swords and other blades.

Banned knives and weapons

It is illegal to bring into the UK, sell, hire, lend, give or possess in private the following, unless a legal exemption applies:

  • butterfly knives (also known as ‘balisongs’): these have a blade hidden inside a handle that splits in the middle to reveal the blade
  • disguised knives: where a blade or sharp point is hidden inside what looks like everyday objects such as a buckle, phone, brush or lipstick
  • flick knives or gravity knives (also known as ‘switchblades’ or ‘automatic knives’): folding knives where the blade automatically opens or opens by gravity when a button or something else on the knife is pressed
  • stealth knives, which are knives or spikes not made from metal which are not made for use at home, for food or as a toy
  • zombie knives: a knife with a cutting edge, a serrated edge and images or words suggesting it is used for violence
  • swords, with a curved blade over 50 centimetres (with some exceptions, such as antiques and swords made to traditional or methods before 1954)
  • sword-sticks: a hollow walking stick or cane containing a blade
  • push daggers: a knife where the handle fits within a clenched fist and the blade protrudes from between two fingers
  • blowpipes (sometimes known as ‘blow guns’): a hollow tube out of which hard pellets or darts are shot by the use of breath
  • telescopic truncheons: these extend automatically by pressing button or spring in or attached to the handle
  • batons: straight, side-handled or friction-lock truncheons
  • hollow kubotans: a cylinder-shaped container containing a number of sharp spikes
  • shurikens (also known as ‘shaken’, ‘death stars’ or ‘throwing stars’)
  • kusari-gama: a sickle attached to a rope, cord, chain or wire
  • kyoketsu-shoge: a hook-knife attached to a rope, cord, chain or wire
  • kusari (or ‘manrikigusari’): a weight or hand grip attached to a rope, cord, chain or wire
  • hand or foot-claws: a band of metal or other hard material from which a number of sharp spikes protrude
  • knuckledusters: a band of metal or other hard material worn on one or more fingers
  • cyclone or spiral knives: a blade with one or more cutting edges that form a helix and come to a point
  • belt buckle knife: a buckle which incorporates or conceals a knife

The full description of these weapons may be found in the Criminal Justice Act 1988 (Offensive Weapons) Order 1988.

Flick knives and gravity knives are described in the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959.

The definition of a flick knife has been updated by the Offensive Weapons Act 2019.

Circumstances where restricted offensive weapons can be imported

Some organisations are allowed to import and hold restricted offensive weapons for specified purposes, this includes:

  • museums, galleries and universities to present, display, research or interpret material of historic, artistic or scientific interest, such imports may also qualify for relief from duty and VAT
  • HM forces
  • visiting forces
  • police forces and the prison service for example direct imports of batons and truncheons
  • those making commercial imports solely for onward supply to the police or prison service or trade samples to be evaluated - evidence must be produced including a contract stating quantities, where applicable

Restricted offensive weapons may also be imported:

  • for theatrical performances
  • for rehearsals of theatrical performances
  • for the production of films
  • for the production of television programmes
  • if they are stealth knives designed for domestic use or for use in the processing, preparation or consumption of food or are a toy
  • if they were manufactured more than 100 years before the date of any offence alleged to have been committed (excepting flick knives and gravity knives)

Swords with a curved blade of 50cm or more may be imported where the weapon:

  • was made before 1954
  • was made by traditional methods of making swords by hand
  • is only available for the purposes of use in religious ceremonies or for martial arts
  • is for use in a historical re-enactments or sporting activity for example a martial arts demonstration for which public liability insurance is held

If you are importing a restricted offensive weapon you should have evidence to demonstrate why you require it.

If you require further information about the legislation in relation to importation of knives, swords and other offensive weapons, you can email: public.enquiries@homeoffice.gov.uk

Please note that the Home Office cannot advise on importation of specific items.

The final decision on whether the import is allowed lies with HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) when they have an opportunity to see the item.

You may wish to contact the HMRC helpline and provide specifics of the item you want to import. The telephone number of the helpline is 0300 200 3700 and lines are open Monday to Friday, 8am to 6pm.

Controls and sanctions

Border Force monitors and controls imports of firearms (including their component parts), ammunition and offensive weapons into the UK across all modes of transport and international mail.

If you fail to meet the relevant legal requirements, the item will be liable to forfeiture and will be seized by Border Force. You may also be arrested and prosecuted for importing the item illegally into the UK and/or possessing the item illegally in the UK. The maximum prison sentence is up to 10 years.

Further information about importing firearms

You can find your local police force on the UK police website.

Information about Home Office licensing of firearms is available at Firearms Licensing.

You can enquire about Home Office firearms licensing requirements and legislation by emailing public.enquiries@homeoffice.gov.uk.

Information about DBT import licensing for firearms can be found at Import Controls.

You can apply for a import license for firearms on the DBT Import Licensing Branch’s Import Case Management System.

You can enquire about DBT import licenses by emailing enquiries.ilb@trade.gov.uk.

Guidance for ferry staff and operators about imports of firearms into the UK from the EU.

Published 1 August 2012
Last updated 5 July 2022 + show all updates

  1. Added to the list of restricted offensive weapons which may be imported: 'if they were manufactured more than 100 years before the date of any offence alleged to have been committed (excepting flick knives and gravity knives)'.

  2. There are new prohibitions relating to the possession of offensive weapons and the importation and supply of cyclone and spiral knives. The public enquiries email address has been updated. The following sections have been updated: importing knives, swords and other offensive weapons into the UK; banned knives and weapons; circumstances where restricted offensive weapons can be imported.

  3. Updated contact details.

  4. Updated guidance.

  5. Importing guidance updated.

  6. Updated guidance.

  7. First published.

Contents

Part of Import goods into the UK: step by step

  1. Step 1 Check if you need to follow this process

    Follow these steps if you're moving goods permanently to:

    • England, Wales or Scotland (Great Britain) from a country outside the UK
    • Northern Ireland from a country outside the UK and the EU

    What you need to do is different if you are:

  2. Step 2 Get your business ready to import

    You need an EORI number that starts with GB to import goods into England, Wales or Scotland. You'll need a new one if you have an EORI that does not start with GB.

    If you move goods to or from Northern Ireland you may need one that starts with XI.

    1. Get an EORI number

    There are processes that can make clearing customs quicker and easier to manage if you have to make import declarations regularly.

    1. Find out about using simplified declaration procedures
    2. Check if Authorised Economic Operator status is right for you

  3. and Check the business sending you the goods can export to the UK

    The business sending you the goods may need:

    • to make an export declaration in their country
    • licences or certificates to send goods to the UK

    Check whoever is sending the goods is able to export them from their country.

  4. Step 3 Decide who will make customs declarations and transport the goods

    You can hire someone to deal with customs and transport the goods for you, or you can do it yourself.

    Most businesses that import goods use a transporter or customs agent.

    1. Find out how to hire someone to deal with customs for you

  5. Step 4 Find out the commodity code for your goods

    You’ll need to include the commodity code on your import declaration. This will determine the rate of duty you need to pay and if you need an import licence.

    Your customs agent or transporter might be able to help you with this.

    1. Find the right commodity code for your goods

  6. and Work out the value of your goods

    When you make your import declaration, you’ll need to include the value of your goods - this helps work out how much duty and VAT you’ll need to pay.

    1. Work out the value of your goods for customs

  7. Step 5 Find out if you can reduce your Customs Duty

    You may be able to pay less or no Customs Duty if the UK has a trade agreement with the country you're importing from.

    1. Find out if you can pay a lower rate of Customs Duty because of a trade agreement

    You may also be able to reduce the amount of duty you pay based on what the goods are and what you plan to do with them.

    1. Check other ways you can pay a lower rate of Customs Duty

  8. and Find out if you can delay your Customs Duty

    You may be able to delay sending information about goods or paying Customs Duty.

    1. Check if you can delay your Customs Duty

  9. Step 6 Check if you need a licence or certificate for your goods

    There are special rules and you may need to get licences or certificates if you are importing any of the following:

  10. Step 7 Check the labelling, marking and marketing rules

    1. Check the marking, labelling and marketing standards for food, plant seeds and manufactured goods

  11. Step 8 Get your goods through customs

    If you've appointed someone to deal with UK customs for you, they'll make the declaration and get your goods through the UK border.

    1. Make an import declaration yourself and get your goods cleared by UK customs

  12. Step 9 Claim a VAT refund

    If you're VAT registered, you can claim back any VAT you paid on the goods you've imported. You’ll need your Import VAT Certificate (C79).

    1. Find out how to claim a VAT refund

  13. Step 10 If you paid the wrong amount of duty or rejected the goods

    If you paid too much Customs Duty or import VAT or rejected the goods, you can claim a refund or ask for a payment to be waived.

    1. Find out how to claim a refund or make a claim for rejected imports

    If you paid too little Customs Duty or import VAT, report it to HMRC.

    1. Find out how to tell HMRC you’ve underpaid and pay the difference

  14. Step 11 Keep invoices and records

    You must keep records of commercial invoices and any customs paperwork, including your Import VAT Certificate (C79).

    If you imported controlled goods, for example firearms, keep any paperwork that shows who owns them.

Also part of